An allergen is an otherwise harmless substance that causes an allergic reaction. Allergic rhinitis, or hay fever, is an allergic response to specific allergens. Pollen is the most common allergen in seasonal allergic rhinitis. These are allergy symptoms that occur with the change of seasons.
Common symptoms of allergic rhinitis include:
Sneezing
A runny nose
A stuffy nose
An itchy nose
Coughing
A sore or scratchy throat
Itchy eyes
Watery eyes
Dark circles under the eyes
Frequent headaches
Eczema-type symptoms, such as having extremely dry, itchy skin that can blister and weep
Hives
Excessive fatigue
When your body comes into contact with an allergen, it releases histamine, which is a natural chemical that defends your body from the allergen. This chemical can cause allergic rhinitis and its symptoms, including a runny nose, sneezing, and itchy eyes.
In addition to tree pollen, other common allergens include:
Grass pollen
Dust mites
Animal dander, which is old skin
Cat saliva
Mold
Risk factors for allergic rhinitis
Allergies can affect anyone, but you’re more likely to develop allergic rhinitis if there is a history of allergies in your family. Having asthma or atopic eczema can also increase your risk of allergic rhinitis.
Some external factors can trigger or worsen this condition, including:
Cigarette smoke
Chemicals
Cold temperatures
Humidity
Wind
Air pollution
Hairspray
Perfumes
Colognes
Wood smoke
Fumes
